Monday, 31 March 2014

Landfill Set Ablaze



Landfill set Ablaze-Smog in the City

                                                         Beetham Landfill set on Fire 

Do these images reflect good habits from our citizens? What impact could burning landfills have on our environment? The pictures show the Beetham Landfill situated on the outskirts of Port of Spain.  This is the largest landfill site in Trinidad and Tobago and research stated that about 875,000 kg of waste each day from Chagaramas to Curepe and some areas in the vicinity of Chaguanas fill this pit (SWMCOL). The Beetham Landfill collects solid waste, bottles and controls a fecal waste system. The landfill poses a serious threat to the ecosystem and the environment since it is located near to the city of Port of Spain and surrounds a wetland area. This dump has reached its maximum holding capacity and the Solid Waste Management Company had officially recommended its closure. 

                                                       Waste at Beetham Landfill
(This picture was taken from this angle because persons are not allow to enter the Beetham Landfill)
Recently, the Trinidad Newsday newspapers dated January, 30th 2014, had an article describing the irresponsible behavior of citizens who ignited the Beetham Landfill. In the report thick clouds of black smoke hovered over the city with high levels of toxicity in the atmosphere. These unsafe levels of poisonous toxins are extremely dangerous for us as well as our ecological system. The smog hampered the regular routine of workers, children and visitors to the capital resulting in a city shut down and closure of the landfill. Smoke from the burning of landfills and garbage is a common source of air pollution. The burning releases harmful gases like carbon monoxide which causes health problems in people for example cardiac-respiratory problem and skin diseases. In the environment burning of landfills result in problems associated with air pollution like global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion and climate change.

In landfills there is unregulated dumping of biodegradable and non-degradable materials like plastics, styrofoam containers, and cans into large pits. Over the years, the accumulation of unlined landfills with municipal waste can remain buried and intact. The seeping of rain water through the waste can leach toxic chemicals into ground water. Landfill waste (organic and inorganic waste) that leach into the groundwater will eventually contaminate our environment causing pollution problems (USGS 2003).
Electronic appliances that contain heavy metals like lead and mercury also leach poisonous toxins into underground water causing water pollution. At Beetham Landfill, the site is next to the Caroni wetland area. Domestic waste, industrial effluents and radioactive waste accumulated at these pits are potential environmental hazards. The harmful leach-ate from discriminant dumping of municipal waste can contaminate nearby water courses.
Everyone should do their bit to reduce air pollution. Proper steps should be taken to prevent all forms of pollution. Citizens should be educated on the importance of proper disposal of solid waste, recycling and dangers of malicious burning to landfills and garbage. Human beings are not the only species affected by pollution. Come on fellowmen let us all take care of our environment!

In Human Geography, “urban problems includes numerous combinations of environmental problems (derelict land, inadequate housing stock, pollution and contaminated land) social and cultural problems (crime, antisocial behavior, poor schools and public facilities) and economic problems  (long term unemployment)” ( Hall and Barrett 2012). As you travel along the Beetham Highway these urban problem are very evident to the average passerby. This slum community is located near the Beetham land fill and the residents are often seen digging through the trash and hijacking garbage trucks to scavenge waste material. This sort of behavior is associated with urban social problems of poor slum dwellers who live in a polluted environment and lack employment. As such, these people resort to criminal and destructive activities like setting the landfill on fire hoping to receive some form of recognition. Furthermore, the government has a critical role to play in curbing the threats posed by landfills near the city since proper urban planning and sustainable policies should have been in place when locating the Beetham landfill. According to Blowers and Pain 1999, 321, “policies relating to sustainable development are built around incorporating ecological and environmental criteria for example legislation controlling toxic emissions”. These measures can reduce dangerous emissions that are released by landfills when set on fire. 

There is the need for proper urban planning that strict a balance between social inequalities and environmental problems. Planning should incorporate modern and technical aspects such as proper mapping, recording and designing (Hall and Barrett 2012). These aspects would aid in proper decision making for selecting the most appropriate site to locate a land fill while taking into consideration the proximity to the city and its dwellers. Apart from urban planning, urban policies also plays a critical role in dealing with city problems. The community as well as public participants (bottom to top) should be integrated in policy making. The residents of Beetham probably feel marginalized and lighting the land fill on fires perhaps was a form of revenge or expressing their frustration of being caught in cycle of social inequality and poverty stricken lifestyles. 
 
Therefore, if proper urban environmental planning and policy making were conducted the Beetham landfill would not have been located near the mangrove or wetland due to the dangerous impacts on the environment and the mangrove ecosystem. To address the social inequalities experienced by the Beetham community the Government can establish programs, facilities, and infrastructural development and employment opportunities.  Cochrance 2007 stated “urban policy is not fixed but highly fluid, linked to what is perceived as an urban problem and to change ideas as to how these problems should best be tackled”.  
  
For more information further reading can be done:

  • The academic journal presents a review on the management and operation of landfill development and current practices in Lagos Nigeria. The study revealed that landfill site were uncontrolled and there is the spread of insects and rodents as a result of in excessive waste, filthy odors and environmental degradation. There is the need for proper environmental planning, design and management of the landfill within the urban area of Lagos Nigeria. 
  • http://academicjournals.org/article/article1381849468_Olorunfemi.pdf
  •   The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change working group 3 investigated the link between waste generation and urban population growth which leads to the increased of a major greenhouse gas CH4 from landfills. The IPCC estimated that by the year 2030 70% of CH4 emission would be from landfills worldwide. The IPCC suggested that there is the need for infrastructural waste management to mitigate the release of CH4 gases into the atmosphere. Technology can be implemented to curb such problems that would improve   public health, contamination of underground aquifer, and soil. 

References
Blower, A. and Pain, R. (1999). “The Unstainable City”, in Hall and Barrett. Urban Geography 4th edition. London and New York: Routledge

CSO. (2007). “Solid Waste Report”. Accessed March 27, 2014. http://plastikeep.com/docs/CSO%202007%20Solid%20Waste%20Report.pdf

Christenson, Scott C. and Isabelle M. Cozzarelli. (2003). United State Geographical Survey Fact Sheet. “The Norman landfill environmental research site what happen to the waste in landfill?” Accessed March 27, 2014. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-040-03/

Cochrane, A. (2007). “Understanding Urban Policy: A critical approached”. Oxford Blackwell, in Hall, Tim. and Heather Barrett. (2012). Urban Geography 4th edition. London and New York: Routledge

Hall, Tim. and Heather Barrett. (2012). Urban Geography 4th edition. London and New York: Routledge

Trinidad and Tobago News Day. “Port- of – Smog”. Accessed March 27, 2014. http://www.newsday.co.tt/news/0,189928.html


 

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