Wednesday, 5 March 2014

Is It Safe To Breathe?





AIR POLLUTION –is it Safe to breathe?


                                         Power Generation Company of Trinidad and Tobago 
                                                         Wrightson Road Port of Spain

This picture shows a clean, well kept company located in the city of Port of Spain. This is the Power Generation Company of Trinidad and Tobago (PowerGen) bounded by Park Street, Wrightson Road, Flament Street and Colville Street. At PowerGen, the main function is to generate power for supply in bulk to T&TEC. PowerGen owns and operates the country’s three main power plants. At the Port of Spain power plant there is an installed capacity of 308 megawatts of power. The generating units there can operate either by oil or the firing of natural gas. PowerGen is committed to supplying energy in a safe and environmentally responsible manner. Their goal is sensitivity to our environment
In Trinidad, the primary energy source is natural gas fuel. PowerGen fires natural gas to heat energy to produce steam. The steam turns a steam turbine that is linked to an electricity generator which produces electricity. During this steam cycle, visible white puffs of water vapour can be seen towering through the tall chambers into the atmosphere. PowerGen also burns natural gas directly in a gas turbine in the process of producing electricity.

Even though PowerGen adheres to environmental laws of the country, there are environmental concerns associated with power plants that burn natural gas to produce electricity. Natural gas contains mainly methane which is a greenhouse gas. Power plants that uses natural gas fired generation emit methane, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxides into the air. These greenhouse gases trap radiation contributing to global warming and climate change. Our country carbon dioxide emission is rated amongst the highest in the world because of the oil and gas production. At Port of Spain power plant the emission rate of methane and carbon dioxide can be high considering there is an ongoing release of steam and burning of natural gas in a continuous “round-d-clock” routine. Can you imagine the high level of emissions that are generated by this power plant on a daily basis? No wonder there is little statistical reports or documentations concerning any form of pollution from PowerGen! 

The PowerGen Company is a form of air pollution in the city of Port of Spain. It's emissions depletes the air quality of the city and poses a health risk to urban dwellers. However, as urbanization increases along with rapid population growth, the PowerGen Company would have to generate more power to fuel these processes and further degrades the quality of the air. Poor air quality in cities is linked to a number of health problems among urban populations, including respiratory diseases and lung cancer (Hall and Barrett 2012: 290). This creates a distinctive aspect of Human Geography the social problems associated with urban air pollution. Urban air pollution is concentrated in high traffic, transport routes and industrial areas within the inner city. The social problem arise since the harmful impacts of air pollution are experienced in these areas which are mostly occupied by the lower income groups in society (Hodge and Stutz1995). The upper and middle classes in society who are able to afford affluent homes and luxurious lifestyles tend to reside in the suburbs. They are also the ones who can afford cars and public transportation in commuting back and forth to the city center. As such, the middle and upper class groups are able to shield themselves from the impacts of air pollution. Only the poor and needy who come to the inner city seeking refuge and hoping for a better life are the ones at risk.   
Therefore, we citizens should take a stand for reducing air pollution in cites and adapt environmentally friendly methods to protect our air quality. 




For more information further reading can be done:
  • Over the past years, there has been rapid population growth has increased in urban areas. This study investigates the effects of air pollution in the central city and the spatial distribution of the population between the city center and the suburbs. The hypothesis states that the levels of air pollution in the city has a depressing effect on the population. Hence, greater proportions of the population resides outsides the city center to escape the effects of air pollution. 
  •  
  • Exposure to air pollution can have adverse effects on the pulmonary and cardiovascular system of the the body. Polluted air contains mixtures of chemicals, particulate matter and biological material that cause harm to our body. Air pollution triggers diseases associated with the Central Nervous System such as Parkinson's disease and neurodevelopmental  disorders.  
  • http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jt/2012/782462/

References
Hall, Tim. and Heather Barrett. (2012). Urban Geography 4th edition. London and New York: Routledge

Ministry of Energy and Energy Affairs. (2014). Electrical Power Resources. Accessed March 5, 2014. http://www.energy.gov.tt/resources/electric-power/
 
The Power Generation Company of Trinidad and Tobago. (2013). About Us. Accessed March 5, 2014. http://www.powergen.co.tt/AboutUs.aspx

The Power Generation Company of Trinidad and Tobago. (2013). Health, Safety and Environment. Accessed March 5, 2014 http://www.powergen.co.tt/People/HealthSafetyandEnvironment.aspx

U.S Environmental Protection Agency.(2013). Clean Energy. Accessed March 5, 2014 http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/natural-gas.html



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